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来源：彩虹多多论坛2024-04-13 17:48

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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

粮食产量连续八年超一点三万亿斤——从丰收答卷看端牢饭碗底气与实力******

　　冬至时节，寒风瑟瑟。尽管皖北平原温度已降至零摄氏度以下，安徽省涡阳县宋来宝农作物种植专业合作社理事长宋来宝却并不担心庄稼地里的麦苗。“目前田里的麦苗80%以上是壮苗，抗冻性强。”

　　宋来宝告诉记者，2022年他种植了约3000亩小麦，苗情长势好得益于前期科学种植，“播种期里，我对农田进行了两次机器镇压，土壤上实下松，保温性更好，确保麦苗能够安全越冬。”

　　粮食安全是“国之大者”。今年，我国有力克服北方罕见秋汛导致冬小麦晚播、局部发生新冠肺炎疫情和南方持续高温干旱等不利因素影响，全年粮食实现增产丰收，粮食产量连续8年稳定在1.3万亿斤以上，彰显了端牢中国饭碗的底气与实力。

　　耕地是粮食生产的命根子。去年底召开的2021年中央农村工作会议部署抓好粮食生产，明确要求“稳定粮食面积”。

　　今年，中央继续提高小麦、稻谷最低收购价，稳定玉米、大豆生产者补贴和稻谷补贴政策，先后向实际种粮农民发放一次性补贴400亿元，提高农民种粮积极性。各地强化耕地用途管制，通过退林还田、间套复种、农田连片整治等方式，挖掘面积潜力。全国粮食播种面积17.75亿亩，比上年增加1051.9万亩，增长0.6%。

　　耕地保护既要保数量，也要提质量。今年以来各地加紧推进高标准农田建设，不断改善农业基础设施，为实现粮食高产稳产、农业高质高效奠定基础。到2022年底，我国高标准农田将累计建成10亿亩。

　　在河北省秦皇岛市昌黎县马坨店村，老书记刘兆云望着阡陌纵横、路畅渠通的农田告诉记者，近年来村里实施方格布局、完善田间灌排设施、整修农田道路等工程措施，达到地平整、土肥沃、水畅流、路相通的标准，极大提高了土地质量和土地利用率。“现在1个小时就能浇完一亩地，不仅降低成本提高效率增加了效益，还解放了劳动力，粮食产量和亩效益也大大提高。”刘兆云说。

　　向良田要粮，也要向科技要粮。从智能农机、植保无人机等新装备的推广，到保护性耕作、测土配方施肥、病虫害绿色防控等新技术的运用，依靠农业科技不断提升粮食单产水平，成为粮食连年丰收的关键密码。

　　“作为新型农业经营主体，在小麦越冬保障上，现在我们更加注重因地因苗科学管理，针对弱苗，在温度适宜时将增施叶面肥促进麦苗由弱转壮。”宋来宝说。

　　在北大荒集团，无人种田、无人收割等智慧生产方式已大量应用，5G、北斗导航、移动互联网等技术和服务团队的加盟，形成了各方支撑粮食生产的合力。当前，黑龙江省农业科技进步贡献率达69.4%，农作物耕种收综合机械化率达98%。我国整体农业科技进步贡献率已突破61%，农业科技研发实力进入世界前列。

　　着眼未来，我国稳定粮食生产仍然面临一些风险挑战，要始终绷紧粮食安全这根弦，抓紧抓牢粮食生产，把饭碗牢牢端在自己手中。

　　党的二十大报告要求，“全方位夯实粮食安全根基”。近日召开的中央经济工作会议提出，“实施新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动”。

　　“要实现粮食稳产增产，必须要不断完善粮食生产支持政策，强化现代农业基础支撑，确保三大谷物面积稳定在14亿亩以上，口粮面积稳定在8亿亩以上，粮食产能要持续稳定在1.3万亿斤以上。”中国人民大学教授、国家粮食安全战略研究院院长程国强说。（记者汪子旭水金辰）

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

[责编：天天中]

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